Health, safety and environmental management should be part of the engineering profession in a country for the purpose of
or duty of care
or economic reasons and
or legal reasons.
Therefore, management of the HSE should consider the five main phase:
* Specifications
* Design and implementation
* Installation and commissioning
* The operation and maintenance
* Changes after commissioning.
* The compliance requires four essential elements:
* Identification of safety functions required for safe shutdown
* Assigning a safety integrity level (SIL) for each safety function
* The use of safety procedures for design engineering and
* Verification of the achieved SIL for each safety function.
3.0 ENGINEERING CODE OF PRACTICE
The engineering skill code takes into account the following:
* Public Safety: prioritize the safety and welfare of the community and considered this principle in the analysis of obligations to clients, employers and colleagues.
* Risk Management: Take reasonable steps to minimize the risk of loss of life, injury or suffering.
* Workplace Where and when built: Minimization of the potential risks involved in the construction and manufacturing and engineering processes.
* Public / Community Wellness
* Communication
* Conflict of interest
* Confidentiality
The privilege of practicing engineering is entrusted to worthy and have the responsibility to apply the engineering skills, scientific knowledge and ingenuity to the promotion of human welfare and quality of life. Basic principles of conduct of engineers include truth, honesty and trustworthiness in their service to society, honorable and ethical practice showing fairness, courtesy and good faith towards clients, colleagues and others more. Engineers take, cultural, economic, environmental and safety aspects of social consideration and striving for efficient use of the resources of the world to meet the needs of people in the long term.
4.0 SAFETY ENGINEERING design
Safety is a concern in almost all of the engineering design process. Engineers must understand the security in the context of engineering design and what it means to say that a design is safe against human injury.
Current methods to prioritize design considerations over economic environment. In some cases, consideration economic environment also serve the purpose. For example, the minimization of materials used in a structure means that resources are saved. If the expense of the length of life of a product, after consideration of economic conflict with environmental concerns requiring stored products can do so rigid as possible due to the need to Minimize the use of resources and generation of perennial wasting.
Safety is the opposite of risk. Therefore, a design is safe insofar as it reduces the risk. Safe design is to minimize the risk of normal mood.
A safe design is the combination of all the techniques and principles used by engineers to make things designed insurance against accidents resulting in death or injury to persons, the health effects of long-term damage the environment or poor overall functioning.
Some design strategy used to achieve safety in hazardous technology in operation are:
* Natural safe design
* Safety Factors
* Negative feedback (auto-off)
* Multiple independent safety barriers.
Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) is the most common method of assessing safety, but safety design is used to reduce the risk of standard definition (probabilistic), but it was not enough. Safe design approach is used to reduce uncertainties estimated damages or reduction of risk is not only likely. They are used to address the risks and uncertainties that can not be assigned meaningful probabilities.
5.0 Principle of Design Engineering
There are four (4) basic design principles to the practice of engineering.
(A) the inherent safe design:
This minimizes the risks inherent in the process as possible. Potential risks are excluded rather than closed or faced. For example, hazardous substances are replaced by less dangerous and fireproof materials are used instead of burning.
(B) Safety Factor
Construction should be sufficiently strong to withstand the load and exceeding busy they are intended. A common way to get this type of stock security is the use of numerical safety factor is used explicitly selected. If a safety factor of two (2) used in the construction of a bridge, the bridge is calculated to withstand twice the maximum load to undergo training.
(C) the negative feedback mechanism
It was introduced to achieve auto-stop device in case of failure or when the operator lost control. Examples are safety valves that allow steam when the pressure is too high in the steam boiler and the hole of the defunct train stop when the driver falls asleep. One of the most important steps in the security of the nuclear industry is to ensure that the reactors were automatically shut in critical situations.
(D) Multiple independent safety barriers
Safety barriers are arranged in the chain, so that every obstacle is dependent on its predecessors (if the first fails, the second is still intact). The first barrier to prevent accidents; The second barrier to limit the consequences of the accident and rescue service as a last resort.
Safety factors and multiple safety barriers dealing with the uncertainties and risks. But currently, Probabilistic Risk Analysis (ARP) is used, but does not address the uncertainties. Probabilistic calculations can support, but not replace the trial ethically responsible Engineers (environment, health and safety culture).
Principles of safety engineering also includes the study of the operator, maintenance of equipment and facilities and reporting of incidence are examples of safety practices of general importance.
6.0 HEALTH, SAFETY AND THE ENVIRONMENT Management practice of engineering
It is expected that the profession of engineering to be harbinger of health, safety and environmental management under the complexity out of the profession and its impact on the lives of the general population. How we've done it throughout our professional skills?
Met seven (7) bad engineering skills;
* Believe that if something is not specifically stated, the "must do" or "do" rules, an engineer does not have to worry about it.
Think that compliance with minimum requirements, the process is safe and complies with standards.
* Ignoring the importance of good engineering practices.
* System design to meet the needs of the economy but not protection of security requirements.
* The neglect of human factors (errors in calculations, etc.)
* Focus on the cost of capital and none of the life cycle costs.
* Commitment to safety integrity level (SIL) and not prevention.
Security is a fundamental ethical requirement to practice engineering. Strategies for safe design is used not only to decrease the estimated probabilities of injuries, but also to address the risks and uncertainties that can not be assigned meaningful probabilities. The designers have an ethical responsibility to create buildings that are safe for future use. Safety is concerned with preventing certain types of events morally right to resist.
Design engineering, in consideration of safety always includes security against unwanted human death or injury that occurs as a result of the intended use of the object to be designed to:
* Avoiding environmental damage
* Avoiding the effects of long-term health
For example, if a bridge collapses, the engineers who designed it is responsible.
Developing designers and builders must adhere to the safety of the construction with the use of scaffolding, tools, tool boxes, mechanical lift and manual lift networking of safety procedures, use of personal protective equipment (PEP) the site (boots / helmet), clear quotations and road- way, construction tape to cordon off the work area, etc. Most engineers neglected this aspect, therefore, play in the lives of the general population.
What engineers have lasting influences on the security level and define our Environment, Health and Safety culture.
7.0 ethical obligation SA practice of engineering
Ethical obligations are necessary for engineers to carry out their profession. Without obligation of confidentiality, customers can not rely on engineers to commercially sensitive information. Without this information, engineers can do their work. Moral obligation of our profession understand the functions as required.
There are five (5) core values necessary to the ethical obligations:
* Protection of life and protecting the people.
The professionalism, integrity and competence
* Welfare / public lectures in the community
* Sustainable management and protection for the environment
* Knowledge of engineering maintenance
8.0 REQUIREMENTS engineering skills
* Engineers shall hold paramount the health, safety and environmental / public interest in using their profession.
* Engineers must perform in the area or field of competence, with careful and diligent manner and in accordance with regulations, laws, codes, rules and regulations applicable to the practice of engineering.
Should consider * Engineers social and environmental impacts of their actions and projects, including the use and conservation of resources and energy to make recommendations and decisions designed ..
Should be clearly presented * Engineers to their interests.
* Engineers must sign and assume responsibility for all engineering works prepared or directly supervised. Engineers may sign deeds prepared by others with their consent and after adequate testing and verification.
* Engineers shall act as faithful agents of their employers or clients and maintain confidentiality, avoid conflicts of interest whenever possible and disclose unavoidable conflicts.
* Remember Professional Engineers should be disclosed to the client and the consequences of engineering decisions or judgments.
* Engineers must reject any public works, engineering decisions or practices which jeopardize the public HSE.
* Engineers must make lifelong learning, striving to advance the body of knowledge in engineering and engineers should encourage others to do the same.
Should promote * Engineers responsibility, commitment and proper behavior in the same phase of education and training in engineering. These raise awareness of the society about the responsibility of the engineer to the public and to promote the sharing of the principles of ethical conduct of the engineer.
9.0 Maintaining HSE Management
This long-term survival of humanity. Recognizing that the decisions made today should allow both current and foreseeable person to conduct effective decisions about their future quality of life.
Failure to identify the security risks and the inability to cope with or control the risks can lead to huge costs, both human and financial. The multidisciplinary nature of safety engineering means that a wide range of professionals actively involved in the prevention of accidents or safety engineering.
A critical fault endangers or several people. A catastrophic failure threatens, damages or kills a significant number of people. Errors engineer or inability to include the management of HSE in their skills spells disaster.
10.0 The way forward
Everyone should reinforce your understanding of HSE awareness by making safety a priority. Also, the developed cost-effective solutions to get the greatest return on your investment.
Engineers take a preliminary system design, analyze to see what mistakes can happen and then propose safety requirements in the initial design specifications and changes to existing systems to make them safer system.
If significant safety issues were discovered late in the design process, correcting them can be very expensive to ship. This error has the potential to lose large sums of money.
* At all times take all reasonable precautions to ensure that their work and the consequences of their deeds will not cause any unacceptable security risk.
* Take all reasonable steps to management / clients and those who are aware of the dangers that recognizing a duty of care measures.
* Ignore anyone or neglecting his professional advice formally aware of the risks involved.
* It is very important for engineers to maintain the depth and breadth of the many problems of technical and professional skills that will inevitably arise in their roles as employees of public understanding owners. This is achieved through proper education, training, experience, licensed, professional engineering skills and continuing professional development.
11.0 Conclusion
The skills of engineering, and construction industry is the agent of social and economic development, the barometer of economic activity and a major employer of labor in Nigeria. It is responsible for over 60% of total capital investment. It is the largest employer of workers (think of all electrical, mechanical, civil, chemical and jobs in the computer industry).
Health, safety and the environment, in relation to life and property should be taken seriously in the profession. Safety procedures are necessary to prevent accidents, diseases and harmful effects on the health of the general population arising from industrial activity on the site and the surroundings or offsite.
Good management of the HSE is seen on a country by the quality of professional ethics professionals, including engineers and the level of their value in health and the state of their environment, IE, the level of cleanliness (hygiene staff and public sanitation).
You can only develop through personal commitment, will and sacrifice because of the long and short run benefits in it. HSE management begins the habit of safety awareness. Security consciousness dwells in each of us and should bear the stretching of our professional skills.
People should recognize that their health and well-being is related to the quality of their environment and should apply the precautionary try to improve the quality of their environment principles.
As engineers, we must lead others to be safety conscious at all times and avoid doing anything that could result from an accident. We implement security measures for all our daily activities and make our safety and those around us of our responsibility, especially in our skills.
Finally, as engineers we should pursue sustainable Health, Safety and Environmental Management and is part of our engineering skills now for the relevance of our profession tomorrow. Only if it is done by our professional ethics significance knowing full well that the products of our professional skills have a huge impact on the lives of all citizens of this country.
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